English

Science In Dachau's Shadow

SCIENCE IN DACHAU’S SHADOW HEBB, BEECHER, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIA PSYCHOLOGICAL TORTURE AND MODERN MEDICAL ETHICS ALFRED W. McCOY In August 2006, the U.S. Army’s surgeon general, General Kevin Kiley, appeared before the national convention of the American Psychological Association (APA) dressed in full combat uniform to defend the participation of psychologists in interrogation. “Psychology,” he declared, invoking a military maxim that many present may have found unsettling, “is an important weapons system” (Levine, 2007; Lewis, 2004). For over half a century, from the Cold War to the War on Terror, psychology has served the U.S. intelligence community as a secret weapon in wars against its ideological enemies, first communism and now Islamic fundamentalism. From the start of the Cold War, the U.S. intelligence community has lavished rewards on the psychology profession, both generous funding for experimental researchers and employment for clinical specialists, producing a variant of what psychiatrist Robert Lifton has called a “Faustian bargain.” In this case, the price paid has been the APA’s collective silence, ethical “numbing,” and over time, historical amnesia (Lifton, 198

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