English

ERIC ED409861: Gender Stereotypes and Selling Techniques in Television Advertising: Effects on Society.

This paper examines gender messages within television advertisements. Society is shaped by the suggestions of television advertisers who influence consumers' beliefs on how people should look or act, and many of these advertisements perpetuate stereotypes. Any consideration of the influence of gender stereotyping within TV advertising must first examine the stereotypes within television programming and advertising in general. Prime time dramatic programming features between two to three males to every female character. Typically, women are younger than men and depicted as feminine with a focus on beauty and sexual attractiveness. Men, instead, are usually authority figures or models of expertise even when shown at leisure (the outdoors, sports, cars and driving, relaxing, or entertaining at home). These images are often defined by advertisers. Most of the experts and voiceovers in commercials are male. Children's programming and advertising follow the typical adult stereotypes. Children aged two to five view an average of 22,228 commercials per year; by the time a person has reached 40, they have seen up to one million commercials. Over the last 25 years, television has played an i

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