English

Military and religious life in the middle ages and the period of the renaissance

TABLE OF CONTENTS. FEUDALISM 1 Origin. — Barbaric Laws. — Enfeoffment. — Charlemagne and the Church. — First Construction of Strongholds. — Vassal and Suzerain.— Feudal • Rights. — The Truce of God. — Feudal Churches and Abbeys. — Communal Principles.— New Townships. — Origin of the French Bourgeoisie. — The English Magna Charts. — Alienation of Fiefs. — Liberation of the Serfs. — Imperial Cities. — Feudal Rights of the Bishops. — St. Louis. — Wars between France and England. — La Bulle d'Or. — The States-General. — Origin of the Third Estate. WAR AND ARMIES 33 The Invasions of the Barbarians. — Attila. — Theodoric seizes Italy. — Organizations of Military Fiefs. — Defences of Towns. — Totila and his Tactics. — The Military Genius of Charlemagne. — Military Vassalage — Communal Militia. — Earliest Standing Armies. — Loss of Technical Tradition. — The Condottieri. — The Gendarmerie. — The Lancet Foumiee . — Weakening of Feudal Military Obligations. — The French Army in the Time of Louis XI. and his Successors. — Absence of Administrative Arrangement. — Reforms. — Mercenary Troops. — Siege Operations and Engines. NAVAL MATTERS 74 Old Traditions : Long Vessels and Broad Vessels. — The

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