English

THE ARCHITECTURAL OCTAGONAL PLANNING, (DOME OF THE ROCK AND EUROPEAN CHURCHES)

The Dome of the Rock considered one of the most important landmarks of Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, built by Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan, (685-691 A.D), it is an octagonal building has four doors, and within, another octagon based on pillars and cylindrical columns, in inside it, the circle surrounding the Rock and the dome above it. When the Crusaders conquered Jerusalem (1099), they turned the Aqsa Mosque as an accommodation for soldiers. And transferred the Dome of the Rock into a church, and kept control of Jerusalem until liberated by Saladin (1187). In the middle Ages, Jerusalem was a source of inspiration for Europeans architects and photographers in general and the Italiansin particular. Dome of the Rock became an element in the urban planning of the city, any architectural or artistic perception to Jerusalem, did not prejudice the perception of the control of the Dome of the Rock. The dome also controled of most of the urban planning of Italian cities. In fact, the Rome imitation of Jerusalem in urban and architecture in ninthcentury AD, and attempted to portray Jerusalem in technically and imitated it architecturally. The image of Jerusalem was a model is imitated of most

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