English

Morale-Building Activities In Foreign Armies

MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE, WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington DC, SPECIAL SERIES No. 11, Morale-Building Activities In Foreign Armies, March 15, 1943 "INTRODUCTION The expressions "esprit de corps," "morale," "spirited outfit," "crack unit," and "elite troops" all bear witness to the fact that there is more to an armed force than organization, equipment, and tactics. A good outfit possesses this additional, though intangible, asset. All armies make great attempts to develop it. For the attainment of this quality in an army, good leadership is known to be an essential factor, but it is not enough. All modern armies, in varying degrees, recognize this fact by using definite policies to inculcate good morale. The following sections set out some of the detailed methods employed for this purpose in the armies of Great Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy, and Germany. These methods can be treated topically, rather than by countries, for though there are many factors that contribute to army morale, certain elements stand out and are stressed in all efforts to deal with the problem. No attempt has been made, however, to evaluate the actual state of morale in the various armies discussed, or the effi

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