English
The purpose of this course is to answer these questions. We shall see that the second viewpoint above is the most useful: the �eld is primary and particles are derived concepts, appearing only after quantization. We will show how photons arise from the quantization of the electromagnetic �eld and how massive, charged particles such as electrons arise from the quantization of matter �elds. We will learn that in order to describe the fundamental laws of Nature, we must not only introduce electron �elds, but also quark �elds, neutrino �elds, gluon �elds, W and Z-boson �elds, Higgs �elds and a whole slew of others. There is a �eld associated to each type of fundamental particle that appears in Nature.
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